ABSTRACT
The most widely prescribed drugs for the treatment of a variety of dermatoses are Topical corticosteroids (TC). These medications are approved for the treatment of inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of dermatologic disorders due to their powerful symptom-relieving impact. Clobetasol propionate (CP) is the most popular (TC) used to relieve itching, redness, and oedema caused by a variety of skin disorders. Anti-inflammatory, anti-pruritic, and vasoconstrictive characteristics are all present in it. CP works by binding to cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors and activating glucocorticoid receptor-mediated gene expression, resulting in the production of anti-inflammatory proteins while suppressing the production of inflammatory mediators. The formulation is free from known contact allergens, such as propylene glycol, short-chain alcohols, and sorbitol-based emulsifiers, and has demonstrated hypoallergenic effects. The efficacy, safety, and clinical experience of utilizing CP 0.025% cream for the treatment of various dermatologic disorders are discussed in this case series
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of Diffusion Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging/Apparent and Diffusion Coefficient [DWI/ADC sequences] in malignant breast lesions taking histopathology as gold standard. Study Design: Cross-sectional validation study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospitals Quetta and Peshawar, from Sep 2013 to Mar 2015 and Armed Forces Institute of Radiology and Imaging Rawalpindi, from Apr 2015 to Dec 2015
Material and Methods: After informed consent, patients scheduled for biopsy of a suspicious breast lesion on sonomammography and/or mammography [BIRADS IV and V], fulfilling the inclusion criteria were evaluated with breast MRI including Diffusion Weighted Imaging [DWI] sequence using b-values of 0 and 750 mm[2]/sec. Apparent Diffusion Coefficient [ADC] values for the breast lesions were also calculated. MRI findings were correlated with histopathological results
Results: A total of 299 cases were included in the study. Mean age of the study population was 45.73 years [SD +/- 15.02] with a range of 18 to 89 years. On histopathology 77.9% [n=233] lesions turned to be malignant and 22.1% [n=66] were benign. On DWI 73% [n=219] lesions showed restricted diffusion and were labeled malignant while 27% [n=80] lesions showed facilitated diffusion and were considered benign. The mean apparent diffusion coefficient value of the malignant breast lesions was significantly lower than that of the benign breast lesions [p-value<0.001]. The calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive values of DWI/ADC mapping in differentiating between malignant and benign lesions were 92.2%, 93.9%, 98.1% and 77.5% respectively. The diagnostic accuracy was found to be 92.6%
Conclusion: DWI is a non-invasive diagnostic modality for diagnosing malignant breast lesions. It can be used to reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies and it may help in reaching a definite diagnosis in cases where a suspicious breast lesion cannot be biopsied because of its small size or unsuitable location
ABSTRACT
Although Hippocrates was famous for corpus, Aphorismi, de aere, aquis including balneology and Romans were practicing public health with the development of baths. Arabs have been given credit for the implementation of preventotherapeutic application of public bath houses in their life. This paper will put stress on preventive and therapeutic value of balneology, model of public health-bath houses in Arabs and role of bather and bathmen in regimental therapy and recommended advises related to bath